落入凡間的科學怪人遊記

原文出處：

http://www.cyclingtipsblog.com/2009/04/common-sprinting-mistakes/

People who know me will think that this is some kind of a joke that I’m giving tips on sprinting.  Hincapie has a better chance at winning Paris-Roubaix than I do at winning a mass sprint.  However, I think that my pathetic sprint makes me even more qualified to be giving sprinting tips.  Why?  Just like Big George on his way to Roubaix, I’ve mucked up more sprint finishes than you can count on fingers and toes.  I’m constantly seeking advice on how to better my sprint and I’ve made lots of mistakes that I try to correct.  Nobody has spent more time thinking about this than me.   Many natural sprinters keep their cards close to their chest on the secrets and tricks of the trade.  Damn them.  But…I’ve been keeping notes.

對於我要給某些衝刺訣竅這件事，認識我的人會認為這是一個笑話。因為卡皮耶比我有更好的機會贏得巴黎 - 魯貝混亂的衝刺。不過，我認為，我可憐的衝刺讓我更有資格談衝刺技巧。為什麼呢？就像大喬治在魯貝一樣，我搞砸了用兩手兩腳都數不清的衝刺次數。我一直在尋求如何改進我的衝刺，我已經犯了很多錯誤，並且試著修正。沒有人比我花更多的時間。許多天生的衝刺好手將他們的訣竅秘而不宣。這些該死的傢伙。但是...我一直在做筆記。

The following are a few common mistakes that many riders make in a sprint finish:

1. Shifting into the 53-11T (or some gear far too big) right away. This is a mistake on two counts: 1) the loud “ching ching ching” alerts the rest of the bunch that the sprint is starting and you’ll cause a mass reaction. The element of surprise is gone.  2) you won’t be able to get the jump / acceleration required to create a gap so that others can’t get on your wheel and follow if you’re in too big of a gear.

Instead, figure out what gear is best for you to accelerate quickly but not spin out too fast.  It’s okay to shift one or two gears while you’re in the middle of the sprint to keep accelerating until the finish line (see explanation below).  Since all terrain and weather conditions are different, if it’s multiple lap course (such as a crit course) it’s a good idea to do a mock sprint in one of the early laps to see what is the best gear to be in.  This will help you work out the ideal gear with the wind and gradiant of the road in mind.

To the point above, this power graph shows one shift in the middle of a sprint (the slight dip in the yellow line at the 82.2 point on the x-axis). You can see that the power is decreasing (yellow line) after the shift because the acceleration is leveling off, but after the shift the speed is still increasing (blue line).  Just remember not to overdo it.  Every shift is a split second where you lose some acceleration.  Many good sprinters I talk to will shift once or twice in a sprint finish (depending on the speed coming into their sprint).

以下是一些常見的錯誤，在許多車手在終點衝刺的時候會犯的：

1馬上的換檔到53-11T（或齒比實在太大）：這是一個錯誤在兩處：1）響亮的“清清清”提醒剩下的衝刺要開始了，你將混亂的反應。驚奇的元素已經消失。 2）使用太大的齒比反而讓你無法得到需要逃脫的加速度，並造成與其他人的距離使得讓其他人無法跟上你，

相反的，瞭解哪一個最佳齒比使你加速到最快，但不要迴轉速度太快。當你在衝刺的中途到加速到終點線為止，轉移一個或兩個檔位是OK的（見下面的說明）。由於所有地形和天氣條件的不同，如果它是很多圈的過程（例如一個繞圈賽），做一個模擬衝刺在最初的幾圈，找出最好的齒比是一個好主意，這將會幫助你在考慮風速與坡度的狀況下，思考出理想的齒比來使用。

以這點來說，這個功率曲線顯示了衝刺中段的速度變化（看黃線在x軸的82.2）。你可以看到，功率下降（黃線）在速度上升之後，因為加速趨於穩定，但之後的速度還在不斷增加（藍線）。只要記住不要過分。每個換檔將會讓你分出一秒在原本應該加速的時間。許多優秀的衝刺好手，在終點衝刺時只換檔一次或兩次（取決於他們衝刺前的速度）。

（譯註：可以參看本部落格文章「退一檔海闊天空」）

2. Starting your sprint far too early.Take note of the wind direction, final corner, and road gradient when you think about when you’re going to start your sprint.  In a tailwind, it’s often possible to start your sprint from up to 350m before the finish line.  If it’s a headwind, you’ll want to follow a wheel until the final 50-100m and then come off someone’s wheel to start your sprint.

2過早啟動你的衝刺：當你在思考你要如何開始你的衝刺，請注意風向、最後一個彎道、道路坡度，在順風時，可以在350米的終點線前提前啟動衝刺。如果是逆風，你會想跟在別人後面，直到最後的50-100M，然後開始衝刺碾過別人。

3. Being too far back in the pack when the sprint starts. If the pack is strung out single-file and you’re back more than 10 places in the final 200m, there’s no way you’re gonna get past all the other riders before the finish.  You’ll have to be going quite few km/hr faster than the rest of them to get around before the finish. Unlikely to happen unless you’re McEwen or Cavendish.

Many criterium courses have a final corner just before the final 200m and you often need to be in the top 5 around that corner to stand a chance at winning the sprint.

Road races are sometimes more difficult to figure out.  Since you don’t usually do the same road race circuit week after week like you would a criterium circuit, you won’t be as familiar with the twists and turns in the final kilometer.  This is why you need to scout out the finishing meters of the course before you start the race.  What I like to do is ride from the finish line backwards and count with my odometer where the 200m mark is.  I’ll then look for a landmark like a  street sign so I can see it from far away to know when to start preparing and when to start my sprint.  Sometimes the 1km, 500m, and 200m signs put up by the race organizers aren’t very visible.

Why look for the 200m point?  Well, 200m is the place where riders usually start their sprint because not many people can hold a full throttle sprint for longer than 200m.  Get used to what a 200m distance looks like.  It’s a lot further than you might think.

3.在集團的太後面開始衝刺：如果在最後200米，集團是單線列車而你的位置在10個人之後，你不可能超過所有人衝線。你必須要比其餘的人的速度快個幾公里。這不大可能發生，除非你是麥克尤恩或凱文迪許。

許多繞圈賽在一個最終的的角落，終點線前的200米，你需要前5名進轉角才有機會贏得衝刺。

公路賽，有時很難搞清楚。不會是像你每一週騎著同樣的路線如同繞圈賽一般，你不會熟悉最後一公里的路況與路線轉折。這就是為什麼在開始比賽之前你需要偵察終點線前的幾公尺。我喜歡做的是從終點線倒著騎並對200米的位置標記。然後，我會尋找具有里程碑意義的一個路標，我可以從很遠的地方看到它，知道什麼時候開始準備衝刺。有時一公里，500米和200米協會的牌子不是很明顯。

為什麼是200m？好了，車手通常從200米的距離衝刺，因為沒有多少人能保持全油門衝刺的時間大於200米。 請熟悉200米的距離看起來有多遠，比你想像的大多了。

4. Being at the very front of the pack too far before the finish line. If you constantly find yourself  pulling the rest of the pack at 60km/hr at 500m to go you’re probably a better lead-out man than a sprinter.   Instead, try catching on to one of those swarms that often come up along side the peloton in the last 500-1000m of the race.  The  lead-out train is an effective team tactic against these swarms because their job is to keep the pace of the peloton so high that their sprinter does not lose his position because of others overtaking.  The speed will be so high that no one will be able to gain any positions in the final few hundred meters or kilometer of the race as the peloton will be completely strung out.

4. 在終點線前太早待在集團的前方：如果你常常發現自己會在終點線前500米開始拉出60km/hr的速度，你大概比較適合當個Lead-out man勝過於一個衝刺車手，除非，試著突破在終點前500-1000米主集團肩並肩卡死的情況（其實我不太確定這句的意思），對付這群人的方式，最有效的就是「開列車戰術」，因為列車的工作就是保持主集團的步調非常快，但是他們隊上的衝刺車手不會因為有人超越他而失去他的位置。當主集團被列車拉成串時，速度會非常快而且在最後的數百公尺或一公里沒有人可以取得有利的位置

5. Coming underneath on the final corner. This is a bit of an etiquette argument.  What “coming underneath”  means is that you enter and pass everyone on the inside on final corner of the course just before the sprint.   This is a mistake on two counts: 1) you could get cut off very easily by the rest of the group apexing the corner and you won’t get through.  Your sprint will be over before it’s begun. 2) if you do manage to get through the inside of the corner while everyone else corners wide, you’ll probably have a few riders say a few passionate words to you at the end of the race.   “Coming underneath” will disrupt the fast moving line of the rest of the pack since you will probably swing wide through the corner.  Hard to explain, but hopefully you get the picture.  Do it once and let the guys you just “chopped” explain it for you.

5. 在最後一個彎走內線：這是一個禮貌的問題，”Coming underneath”意指當衝刺前最後一個彎道時，你試圖走內線入彎並超越所有人，這犯了兩個錯誤：1) 你非常容易被其餘的人剪線，在他們通過彎道頂點時，而你也不可能通過，2)如果你還是設法通過，你大概在賽後會被其他車手問候你母親好不好。

6. Boxing yourself in. What this means is that you suddenly find yourself in the middle of the pack or beside the barriers just before or during the sprint starts while swarms of riders are coming along side of you.  You’ll have nowhere to go and you won’t be able to start your sprint.  Always try to leave yourself somewhere to manoeuvre so you can pass other riders in your sprint.

6. 把自己包了起來：這個意思是你在衝刺前或是衝刺中，突然發現你陷在集團中段或是障礙物的旁邊，而周圍都是車手。你將沒有位置可選擇同時也不可能開始衝刺，你必須總是試圖離開自己目前的位置，你才可以超越其他的車手去衝刺

7. Dropping the wheel. If you find yourself in a top 10 position coming into the final meters before the sprint starts and you let as much as a handlebar width between your front tire and the back tire of who you’re following, someone will steal that wheel from you before you know it.  Stay on that wheel, keep your position and don’t let anyone bully you off of it!

The exception to this rule is the old sprinter’s trick: drop the wheel.

7. 拉開距離：如果你發現在最後的幾公尺要開始衝刺時，你排在前10位，而你跟車的距離大於一個車把手的寬度，在你發現之前這些人會佔走你的位置，保持你的位置並且別讓別人欺負你。

這個規則的例外是：老衝刺車手的秘訣，拉開距離

The higher level of racing you get up to, the more aggressive and crazy the final meters of the sprint will be.   If you’re not capable and confident enough to be up there, then don’t even try to participate in a mass sprint finish.  Watch, learn, and slowly gain experience until you start getting the hang of it.

當你參加較高階的比賽，最後衝刺會變得更積極且更瘋狂，如果你沒能力與信心不足待在那裡，那麼甚至不要試著練習，觀察、學習並慢慢的獲取一些經驗直到你漸入佳境